Enterprise AI Comparison

Bedrock AgentCore Alternative
for Self-Hosted, Governed Agents

Amazon Bedrock AgentCore is AWS’s modular agent platform: Runtime, Memory, Gateway, Identity, Policy, Observability and more, each billed by use inside AWS Regions. Since Bedrock Agents Classic stopped accepting new customers in July 2026, any new agent project on AWS starts from AgentCore or from an alternative. This comparison covers deployment, models, controls, pricing and lock-in, with AWS facts verified in September 2026.

QUICK VERDICT

The Answer in Brief

Amazon Bedrock AgentCore is the better choice when your workloads, data and security tooling already run on AWS, your engineers want framework freedom (LangGraph, CrewAI, Strands Agents, Google ADK or their own), and pay-per-second infrastructure that scales to zero fits how you budget. AWS handles the isolation, scaling and telemetry plumbing.

VDF AI is the better choice when agents have to run in your own datacenter or an air-gapped enclave, when business teams need a governed visual builder rather than a set of primitives, or when you want a fixed annual platform cost with unlimited users instead of a dozen usage meters. For the wider field, see our 2026 vendor landscape.

Bedrock AgentCore
VDF AI
Best for
AWS-native teams building their own agent stack
A finished, governed platform inside your perimeter
Where it runs
AWS Regions and GovCloud (US-West)
On-prem, private or sovereign cloud, air-gapped, or VDF AI Cloud
Pricing model
Per-second compute plus per-request meters
Per user (Cloud) or annual capacity pool (on-prem)
Framework freedom
Any framework, with MCP and A2A
VDF AI Networks and Agents, plus REST APIs
Managed scale
Serverless microVMs that scale from zero
You size the cluster, or use VDF AI Cloud
Tool-call control
Policy at the Gateway, Cedar-compatible
Per-role MCP grants plus approval gates
Builder for business teams
Harness configuration and developer SDKs
Visual Networks canvas with approval nodes
PRICING & HOSTING

AgentCore Pricing Meters and Hosting Model

One vendor bills each service by use; the other sells a year of capacity.

Amazon Bedrock AgentCore

Billing model checked September 2026 on the AgentCore pricing page

Runtime microVMsPer secondCPU and memory consumed; CPU is not charged while the agent waits on I/O
Runtime InstancesEC2 + feeEC2 time in your own account plus a management fee set against the On-Demand price
Gateway & PolicyPer requestTool operations, search queries and authorization checks
MemoryPer event / recordShort-term events plus long-term records stored and retrieved
ObservabilityCloudWatchIngestion, storage and queries at CloudWatch rates

No upfront commitment or minimum fee; AWS says a discounted committed baseline for microVMs arrives by October 2026. Model inference, ECR or S3 storage for agent code, and network transfer are billed on their own AWS price lists.

VDF AI Pricing

Mechanics as listed on our pricing page

VDF AI CloudPer userStarter, Professional and Enterprise Cloud
Capacity LicensingAnnualOn-premises pool; administrators, operators and developers are unlimited
MetersTwoTokens and inbound transactions, whichever runs out first
Outside the meterRouting, orchestration, governance checks, audit logs and index retrieval
How to buyDirect, via a partner, or AWS Marketplace for the on-prem enterprise edition

Usage inside the permitted surplus above your allowance is not charged, and part of any unused capacity carries into the next term at renewal.

Primitives versus a finished platform

AgentCore’s strength is that every piece is optional. You can adopt Runtime alone, add Gateway later and switch frameworks without touching infrastructure. The flip side is assembly: approval flows, a builder for non-developers, an evidence model for auditors and a spend forecast all have to be designed by your team on top of those services. VDF AI arrives with those layers built, and it installs just as well in an AWS account as in your own datacenter or a sealed network. Our on-premises page walks through the install.

GOVERNANCE

Identity, Policy & Audit

AWS enforces its controls at the Gateway; VDF AI enforces them in a runtime you host.

Agent identity
AWSAgentCore Identity federates with Cognito, Entra ID, Okta and Auth0, and keeps a token vault for downstream OAuth credentials
VDF AIPer-role tool grants decide what each agent may call; SSO is included on Enterprise Cloud and built in on-premise with Entra ID
Tool-call policy
AWSPolicy intercepts each tool call at the Gateway, with stateless and temporal rules in a Cedar-compatible language
VDF AIPer-role grants in the MCP tool registry, plus router allow and deny lists for models
Guardrails
AWSBedrock Guardrails can signal Policy to block prompt injection or exposure of sensitive data
VDF AIPolicy checked before each model call; air-gap mode removes every external endpoint
Tracing and telemetry
AWSObservability traces each step in CloudWatch and exports OpenTelemetry to tools such as Datadog and Langfuse
VDF AIPer-agent execution trace and audit log, with cost, latency and energy telemetry across each network
Data residency
AWS21 commercial Regions plus GovCloud (US-West); Registry and Payments are not offered in GovCloud
VDF AIRuns where you install it, from one EU country to a fully offline site
Audit evidence
AWSCloudTrail records Registry approvals and Browser sessions; AWS describes AgentCore as aligned with its compliance programmes
VDF AIDecision receipts in the Vault assemble into an EU AI Act or sector audit pack
BUILD MODEL

Assembling Agents: Kit or Platform

AgentCore supplies services to compose; VDF AI supplies a governed workspace.

AgentCore Building Blocks

  • Runtime — microVM sessions of up to 8 hours, or EC2 Instances for sessions of up to 14 days
  • Harness — a managed agent loop defined by model, prompt and tools in a single API call
  • Gateway — turns APIs, Lambda functions and existing MCP servers into tools, with one-click Salesforce, Slack, Jira, Asana and Zendesk
  • Memory — short-term events and long-term records that agents can share
  • Browser and Code Interpreter — isolated sandboxes for web tasks and code execution
  • Evaluations and Optimization — 13 built-in evaluators plus A/B tests on live traffic
  • Business-user tooling — agent logic is written by developers in the framework of their choice
  • Hosting boundary — every service runs inside AWS Regions

VDF AI Components

  • VDF AI Networks — a canvas for multi-agent flows with Human Approval and MCP Action nodes
  • VDF AI Agents — a guided builder from basics to review, with reusable Agent Skills
  • VDF AI Router — per-request model choice with budgets, rate limits and an ordered failover list
  • MCP gateway — a tool server inside your perimeter, air-gapped where required
  • Vault — durable run history and decision receipts
  • Operations — your team or partner runs the containers; VDF AI Cloud if you prefer a hosted service
  • Offline installs — images are mirrored to your registry through the documented air-gapped path

AWS-hosted agents and VDF AI can run side by side; the sequence below shows one way to split the estate.

ARCHITECTURE

What Each Stack Contains

Component lists, side by side.

Bedrock AgentCore

Modular agent services on AWS

  • Harness + Runtime — the agent loop and isolated compute
  • Gateway + Policy — tool access and rule enforcement
  • Identity — inbound authentication and outbound credentials
  • Memory — session and long-term context
  • Observability + Evaluations — CloudWatch traces and quality scoring
  • AWS Agent Registry — a catalogue of agents, tools and skills

The services work together or alone, with any framework and model. Running them is AWS’s job; composing them into a product is yours.

VDF AI

Integrated governed agent platform

  • VDF AI Networks — multi-agent orchestration with approvals
  • VDF AI Agents — builder, Agent Skills and tool registry
  • VDF AI Router — SEEMR routing and air-gap mode
  • MCP gateway — governed tool calls inside the perimeter
  • Vault — evidence your auditors can query
  • VDF AI Chat — the interface employees work in

One product from builder to audit log, packaged as containers so a single design runs on AWS, in a datacenter or offline. The platform overview describes each part.

DEPLOYMENT

Deployment & Residency Options

The physical boundary of each option, row by row. For the Google equivalent, read our Vertex AI comparison.

DimensionBedrock AgentCoreVDF AI
Commercial cloud21 AWS Regions, with feature coverage varying by RegionVDF AI Cloud, or self-installed in a cloud account you own
US government cloudAWS GovCloud (US-West) with Runtime, Gateway, Identity, Memory and PolicyOn-prem or sovereign deployment on infrastructure you have accredited
Your datacenterManaged service in AWS Regions; private systems reached through VPC and PrivateLinkDocker Compose or Kubernetes on your own servers
Air-gappedNo disconnected edition in the regional tableOffline install from your internal registry
Compute in your accountRuntime Instances run on AWS-managed EC2 in your accountEvery component runs in your account or datacenter
ScalingAutomatic, from zero to very large session countsSized by you, or handled for you on VDF AI Cloud
Content useAWS notes AgentCore may store content to improve the service for your own use, not other customers’Self-hosted; external model calls happen only where router policy allows

Region and feature coverage from the AgentCore regional table; content-use note from the AgentCore overview. Both verified September 2026.

FAIR PLAY

When to Choose AgentCore

For AWS-first engineering organisations, AgentCore is a strong default.

AgentCore is the right call when…

  • Your data, identity and security tooling are already on AWS, and CloudWatch and CloudTrail are where your SOC looks first.
  • Engineers want to keep their framework, whether LangGraph, CrewAI, LlamaIndex, Strands Agents or Google ADK, and deploy it unchanged.
  • Workloads are bursty, and per-second compute that stops charging CPU during I/O wait matches your budgeting.
  • Agents must run in AWS GovCloud (US-West), where Runtime, Gateway, Identity and Policy are offered.
  • You are on Bedrock Agents Classic and want AWS’s own migration route through the managed harness.
  • Your platform team has the capacity to build the approval, interface and evidence layers itself.
Where AgentCore is genuinely strong
Framework and model freedom

Runtime hosts agents from the main open-source frameworks and any model, in or outside Bedrock, with MCP and A2A support.

Serverless isolation at scale

MicroVM sessions with hardware-enforced isolation scale from zero to hundreds of thousands of concurrent sessions, according to AWS.

Deterministic tool policy

Policy sits outside the agent’s execution boundary, so its rules still hold when prompts drift or the model behaves unexpectedly.

AWS ecosystem depth

Gateway exposes S3, DynamoDB, Aurora, Redshift and Lambda as tools, and telemetry lands in the CloudWatch account you already watch.

DECISION SIGNALS

When VDF AI Is the Stronger Choice

Situations where a managed AWS service stops being the easy answer.

Agents must run outside AWS

A regulator, a customer contract or a classified network rules out a hyperscaler region. VDF AI installs in your datacenter or a sealed enclave, with the audit Vault alongside.

You want a platform, not a kit

Building approvals, a business-user builder, evidence exports and cost controls on top of AgentCore is a real project. VDF AI ships them, so the platform team configures rather than constructs.

One budget line for the year

Per-second compute, per-request gateway and policy meters, memory records and CloudWatch ingestion produce a bill that shifts with every design change. Capacity Licensing fixes the platform cost up front.

Split traffic between cloud and local models

When some prompts may reach an external model and others must stay on a local Llama or Mistral deployment, the VDF AI Router enforces that split per request and records why.

An exit plan is required

If the board wants agents that could move between AWS, another cloud and on-premises, container delivery keeps that door open. Identity, memory and policy built on AgentCore services would need rebuilding elsewhere.

Auditors ask for receipts

Receipts that tie prompt, sources, model, tools and outcome together sit in a Vault you host, ready for an EU AI Act or sector review without an export from CloudWatch.

MIGRATION

Moving Workloads Step by Step

Whether you are leaving Bedrock Agents Classic or narrowing AgentCore’s scope, this order keeps risk low.

1
Inventory by boundary

List every agent with its data classes, tools and action groups. Agents whose data may stay in AWS can move to AgentCore’s harness; those destined for your datacenter or an enclave go to VDF AI.

2
Recreate tools as governed MCP actions

AWS’s own migration guide exposes Classic action groups as MCP tools. In VDF AI the same capabilities become MCP Action nodes with per-role grants, registered once in the tool registry.

3
Set model policy centrally

Decide which model families each workload may use, then encode that in the VDF AI Router: local models for restricted data, approved external providers elsewhere, each with a budget and a failover order.

4
Run in parallel, then cut over

Run the rebuilt network beside the AWS version on the same inputs, compare outcomes and approval traces in the Vault, and switch traffic once reviewers have signed off.

FULL COMPARISON

Capability Matrix

AgentCore capabilities checked in September 2026 against docs.aws.amazon.com and aws.amazon.com.

CapabilityVDF AIBedrock AgentCore
Product scopeGoverned agent platform from builder to audit logModular managed services for agent infrastructure
PricingPer user on Cloud; on-prem, an annual capacity pool with unlimited usersConsumption-based per service, no minimum fee
DeploymentVDF AI Cloud, private cloud, on-prem, sovereign cloud or air-gappedAWS Regions and AWS GovCloud (US-West)
Framework supportVDF AI Networks and Agents, with REST APIsLangGraph, CrewAI, LlamaIndex, Strands, Google ADK, OpenAI Agents SDK or custom
Model choiceOpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini and Mistral models, Llama, or your own local modelsAny model, in or outside Bedrock
Model routing and spend limitsSEEMR routing on quality, cost, latency, energy and policy, with budgets and failoverPer-user limits on requests, tokens and connection time at the Gateway
Visual builderNetworks canvas and a five-step agent builderHarness configuration; logic coded in your framework
Tool governancePer-role MCP grants and approval gatesPolicy at the Gateway (Cedar-compatible) with Guardrails integration
Identity and accessPer-role tool grants; SSO on Enterprise Cloud; Entra ID SSO on-premiseAgentCore Identity with Cognito, Entra ID, Okta and a token vault
MemoryLiving knowledge vault fed by execution historyShort- and long-term Memory shared across agents
ObservabilityPer-agent trace, audit log, cost and energy telemetryCloudWatch dashboards with OpenTelemetry export
Audit evidenceVault decision receipts and an EU AI Act evidence packCloudTrail and CloudWatch logs
Browser and code toolsTools run as governed MCP actions inside your perimeterManaged Browser and Code Interpreter sandboxes

Sources, verified September 2026: AgentCore developer guide · AgentCore FAQ · AgentCore pricing · Agents Classic maintenance notice. AWS adds features and Regions often, so confirm coverage before you commit a design.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

What platform and security teams ask when they look for a Bedrock AgentCore alternative.

AWS renamed the original service Amazon Bedrock Agents Classic and closed it to new customers on 30 July 2026. Existing users can keep running it in maintenance mode, and AWS recommends moving workloads to Amazon Bedrock AgentCore, whose managed harness takes a model, tools and instructions as configuration. Bedrock models, Knowledge Bases and Guardrails are not affected. If that migration is already on your roadmap, it is a sensible moment to compare the alternatives on their merits. Verified September 2026 in the Bedrock user guide.

The AgentCore developer guide lists Runtime, Memory, Gateway, Identity, Code Interpreter, Browser, Observability, Policy and Evaluations, plus a managed Harness, Optimization, Payments and the AWS Agent Registry. Each is modular and billed on its own meter. Runtime offers serverless microVMs or AWS-managed EC2 Instances in your account, and Policy intercepts tool calls at the Gateway using Cedar-compatible rules. Coverage differs by Region, so check the regional table before designing around a feature.

AgentCore is a managed AWS service. Its regional table lists commercial AWS Regions and AWS GovCloud (US-West), where Runtime microVMs, Memory, Gateway, Identity, Policy and Observability are available, and it lists no on-premises or disconnected edition. Agents on AgentCore can still reach private systems through VPC connectivity and PrivateLink. VDF AI ships as containers you install in your own datacenter, a sovereign cloud or a fully air-gapped network, with images mirrored into your internal registry.

AgentCore is consumption-based with no upfront commitment. Runtime microVMs bill per second for CPU and memory actually consumed, Instances bill EC2 time plus a management fee, and Gateway, Memory, Policy and Evaluations each carry a usage meter, with telemetry charged through CloudWatch. Model inference is not part of that price list. VDF AI charges per user on its managed Cloud and sells an annual Capacity Licensing pool on-premises with unlimited users; model and hardware costs remain separate lines there too.

AgentCore is model-agnostic: AWS names Amazon Nova, Anthropic Claude, Meta Llama, Mistral, OpenAI and Google Gemini models, served from Bedrock or elsewhere. VDF AI is multi-vendor too, routing across OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Mistral, Llama and self-hosted open-weight models. The difference is where the choice is made. In VDF AI the SEEMR router selects a model per request against quality, cost, latency and policy, and air-gap mode confines it to local models.

AgentCore Identity federates with Cognito, Entra ID, Okta and other providers and keeps a token vault for downstream OAuth credentials. AgentCore Policy checks every tool call at the Gateway, supports natural-language authoring that becomes Cedar-compatible rules, and can act on Bedrock Guardrails signals. VDF AI grants tools per role through its MCP tool registry, holds consequential actions at human approval gates in VDF AI Networks, records every tool call in its audit trail, and writes decision receipts to a Vault inside your perimeter. SSO is part of the Enterprise Cloud plan, and on-premise deployments sign in with Microsoft Entra ID natively.

Yes. VDF AI packages are OCI containers tested on Amazon Linux 2023 that run on any conformant Kubernetes cluster, managed or self-managed, or on Docker Compose for a pilot. That keeps the platform inside a VPC you control while the router decides which models are local and which are external. The on-premises enterprise edition can be bought through AWS Marketplace, as well as directly from VDF AI or through an authorised partner.

AgentCore gives engineering teams production-grade primitives and leaves the product design to them: workflow structure, approval logic, a business-user interface and the evidence model are yours to build. That suits organisations with strong platform teams and an AWS-first mandate. VDF AI ships those layers ready-made, with Networks for orchestration, VDF AI Agents for building and the Vault for audit, which shortens the path when agents must pass a governance review or run outside AWS.

Re-Platforming From Bedrock Agents?

Pick one agent that needs to run outside AWS or clear a stricter audit. We will map its tools, model policy and approvals onto VDF AI and estimate the capacity it would draw.